Optique Microscopie Optique Lentille Propriétés et Visible Lumière Diffraction Expliqué
Depuis le microscope, personnes ont vu minuscules organismes et cellules qui n’ont jamais été vu avant. Le loupe verre a développé de la plus base unique lentille à le composé microscope avec a complexe structure. Après plus que 100 années de recherche continue et amélioration, la structure de le courant optique microscope est relativement complet, et la résolution est fondamentalement proche à la valeur théorique . Par conséquent, it is largement utilisé dans médecine, biologie, Divers scientifique recherche, enseignement et production champs tels as matériaux.
1. Caractéristiques de Optique Lentille
1. Réfraction de lumière In a homogène isotrope milieu, lumière se propage in a droite ligne entre deux points. Quand passe travers transparent objets avec différentes densités, réfraction se produit. Ceci est dû à le fait que lumière voyage à different vitesses dans different media. Quand lumière rayons que nesont pas perpendiculaire à la surface de a transparent objet (tel as de air) entrée a transparent objet (tel as verre), the light will change direction at its interface and form a refraction angle with the normal.
2. Performance of glass lens The lens is the most basic and most important optical component of the microscope optical system. Objective lenses, eyepieces, and condensers are all composed of single or multiple lenses. According to their shapes, they can be divided into three categories: convex lenses, plane mirrors, and concave lenses. The most commonly used combinations are convex lenses and concave lenses. When a beam of flat light passes through a convex lens, it will converge and intersect at one point, which is called the "focus". The plane passing through the focal point and perpendicular to the optical axis is called the "focal plane". There are two focal points, the focal point in the object space is called "object focal point", and the focal plane there is called "object focal plane"; conversely, the focal point in image space is called "image focal point". The focal plane at is called the "image square focal plane". When light passes through a concave lens, it forms an upright virtual image; when it passes through a convex lens, it forms an inverted real image. Real images can appear on the screen, while virtual images cannot.
3. Le clé facteur affectant imagerie - aberration Due to objective conditions, any optique system may form a théoriquement ideal image, but the existence of various phase differences affects the imaging quality.
2. Diffraction de visible lumière
A small ouverture in an optique instrument is équivalent to a small circular hole through which light passes. Because the intensity of the peripheral bright ring is relativement low, it is general difficult to distinguish and identify it with the naked eye, and only the central bright spot can be seen. The key is to reduce the wavelength of the illumination source. Par conséquent, pour deux petit objet points que sont très proches à chaque autre, le correspondant deux Airy spots will overlap each other, and even the images of the two object points cannot be distingued. It can be seen that the resolution of optical instruments is limited due to the diffraction of light.
